Risk Manager Can Make Optimal Use Of Insurance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1268 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Recently, the subprime mortgage crisis and the European debt problems spread all over the world. Many companies were influenced by all kinds of problems and faced with risk loss. Therefore, corporate risk management becomes more and more important in operating business. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk Manager Can Make Optimal Use Of Insurance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order There are several kinds of risk management strategies. However, insurance is the most common and popular tool among these numerous strategies. In the crisis, many companies survived rely on the insurance. This essay will discuss the risk management and show the different types of risk management strategies. And it will focus on what the position of insurance is and how the risk manager makes optimal use of insurance as part of an overall risk management strategy. Risk management is identification, assessment prioritization risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events. Risk management solves the corporate risk, including price risk, credit risk and pure risk. Most big companies have a risk management department to deal with pure risk. And the risk manager is the leader of the department. The risk manager identifies loss risk, measures the probability of loss and chooses effect ive risk management strategies in order to maximize the corporate value. Risk Management Strategies Risk management strategy has mainly three parts, including risk control, risk financing and internal risk reduction. First of all, risk control is divided in loss prevention and loss reduction which mean risk manager increase ability of preventing potential loss and reduce the amount of risk events. Secondly, risk financing includes retention, insurance transfer, hedging and other noninsurance risk financing transfer. In retention way, corporate has its financing plan or establishes a captive insurance company. However, corporate can also buy an external insurance to transfer the risk. Using hedging method, corporate can sign contracts to reduce the loss when the price or exchange rate changes. Whats more, corporate can use the contracts to transfer the risk to other groups. Thirdly, internal risk reduction means corporate can prevent risk by itself, such as decentralising operating business or investing in an accurate future expectation. Insurance As the most common tool, insurance plays a significant role in corporate risk management. The shareholders are decentralised in many large companies. Although the corporate decentralisation reduces the risk as internal risk reduction, corporate receives more benefit from insurance. Insurance would reduce the cost of the claims processing and the loss control service and decrease the expected cost of loss control. It also decreases the probability of adopting the costly external capital for a new investment project and then increases the probability of accepting the new project. Whats more, it reduces the possibility of financing dilemma and the expected tax. In others small companies and private enterprise, the capital and shareholders are not decentralised enough. These companies are more risky than the decentralisation companies. Thus, insurance is necessary to reduce the potential loss. If risk occur, insurance is effective in risk averse and risk transfer. Otherwise, the compan ies will suffer great losses. However, insurance is not the best choice for every part of operating business. The insurance expense is always higher than the actual loss. If the risk manager buys the whole insurance, it would cost a large expenditure. It reduces the shareholder value which is against the risk management goal. The cost of risk is divided in expected cost of losses, cost of loss control, cost of loss financing, cost of internal risk reduction and cost of residual uncertainty. Insurance is a kind of cost of loss financing. If risk manager increase the cost of loss financing, the change in cash flow will decrease. It is bad for corporate operation. Make optimal use of Insurance Therefore, a risk manager should think over whether to purchase the insurance or not. The first step of risk management is risk identification. The risk manager can identify by analysing financial statements, discussing with department managers, having surveys with staffs and talking with insurance agents and risk management consultants. After risk identification, the risk manager should assess the probability and amount of risk. And it can be sorted out as a probability distribution. Then, the risk manager can divide them into controllable risk and Uncontrollable risk according to the probability. For controllable risk, the risk manager should consider whether it is low potential loss or high potential loss. The low potential loss is not necessary to purchase the insurance because the loss is too low that does not influence the corporate value at all when the risk occurs. Instead, the risk manager had better to make a financing plan which is a way of retention. At the same time , the manager can also use loss control strategy, such as using some feasible ways to reduce the probability and loss amount of the risk. For example, the corporate can fix the machine regularly and check the process more frequently. Through this strategy, the manager can save the insurance expenditure and reduce the risk from the change in insurance market. Moreover, it reduces the moral risk and prevents the excessive insurance cost and implicit tax. Finally, the fund can be used instead of become a cost. In addition, if it is high potential loss, the risk manager should purchase an insurance to prevent the large amount of loss. When the risk occurs, the risk manager can transfer the significant loss to the insurance companies. Otherwise, the corporate value will have a severe reduction. For uncontrollable risk and other unpredictable risk, insurance is necessary because it has a high probability of potential risk. Uncontrollable risk cannot be reduced by corporate actions. The refore, the risk manager should transfer the risk to the insurance company, avoiding the risk loss. Then the risk manager can make sure the corporate value isnt influenced by the risk loss. Additionally, some big companies establish a captive insurance company which is another kind of retention. The most important motivation of the captive is reducing expected tax. Besides, the captive can purchase reinsurance in one or more other insurance companies. Whats more, some special risks cannot be insured by external insurance companies or they are expensive. The captive can insure all the risk which the parent company is faced with. If the corporate has a captive, the risk manager can make a decision easily. The risk cost will reduce and the corporate value will go up. Furthermore, the risk manager should make an insurance plan for the employees. This insurance plan includes medical insurance, life insurance, disability insurance and dental insurance. It seems a large number of fun ds to purchase insurance for every employee. There is a sharing plan and non-sharing plan. The corporate reduce the wages of employees with sharing plan while it remains the original wages of employees with non-sharing plan. However, no matter using the sharing plan or the non-sharing plan, the insurance cost comes from the employees wages in the long run. With the employee insurance plan, both the corporate and the employees can reduce the tax expenditure. Whats more, the insurance plan can reduce the liquidity of employees and increase the productivity. Finally, the risk manager improves the corporate value. Conclusion In conclusion, insurance is a useful tool in risk management. The risk manager can make an optimal use of insurance by risk assessment. The risk of high potential loss and the uncontrollable risk should apply the insurance while the risk of low potential loss can be solved by a financing plan. Besides, some large company can establish a captive insurance company and then purchase reinsurance. Last but not the least, risk manager should purchase insurance for employees.

Race, Class, Gender And Sexuality Essay - 953 Words

An intersectional approach is an approach which seeks to demonstrate how race, class, gender and sexuality make certain experiences different. Intersectionality is the overlapping of social categories such as race, class, gender and sexuality that leads to further discrimination against a certain individual or group. To take an intersectional approach to understand race, class, gender and sexuality, is to consider hardships not as a similar element for all individuals without regards to race, but instead consider where in a specific hardship different races, genders, classes and sexualities are affected different. According to Crenshaw, â€Å"many of the experiences Black women face are not subsumed within the traditional boundaries of race or gender discrimination as these boundaries are currently understood, and that the intersection of racism and sexism factors into Black women’s lives in ways that cannot be captured wholly by looking at the woman race or gender dimension s of those experiences separately† (Crenshaw, 357). Crenshaw explains that the personal experiences of women of color cannot be fully understood by looking at race or gender discrimination as two separate factors, but in fact can be understood if both aspects are looked at together. When race and gender are examined separately, this causes for women of color to be â€Å"erased†. 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Environmental Scan free essay sample

Internal and external factors help an organization in the decision -making process of its future state. Internal factors surround strengths and weaknesses and external factors identify the potential threats and opportunities outside of the organization’s span of control. In this paper, the author will describe the research of internal and external environments of OfficeMax and Sprint. This paper will determine the competitive advantages of both companies and what each is using. It will determine how each company creates value and sustainability of competitive advantages through business a strategy. The paper will also explain the measurement guidelines that each organization is using to verify its strategic effectiveness and the effectiveness of the measurement guidelines. OfficeMax OfficeMax is a leading provider of office supplies, ink, office furniture, and print services. Specifically, OfficeMax offers paper, writing instruments, printers, computers, desks, chairs, copy, and print services. OfficeMax vision focuses on supplies companies need to manage workloads so they can be at the frontline of business. They are also there to help organizations succeed with top, trusted brands of office products; technology and office furniture that delivers the performance and quality that is deserved† (OfficeMax, 2012). OfficeMax internal environment consist of the ideas and beliefs of the employees working toward the strategy of serving over 800 stores through direct sales, catalogs, and e-commerce. â€Å"With 40 years experience, innovative technology, convenient retail presence and most knowledgeable and friendly associates to back it up, we’re confident our customers won’t find another company who can deliver at every level†( OfficeMax- Who Are We, 2012). In order to determine competitive advantages, A SWOT analysis is completed. OfficeMax strengths surrounds what the company does well and resources that it can draw on, such as being a leader in both office and retail office supplies and the ability to provide document services and furniture to small, medium, and large businesses. The weaknesses of what OfficeMax could improve on or where it does not have as much resources as others could stem from additional marketing capabilities and being able to stand up to the competitor Staples, who is well known in the industry. OfficeMax should consider more advertising and marketing in order to get its name out there more in order to be sustainable. Opportunities that are open to OfficeMax and things that the company can take advantage of are: new technology and ways to attract more customers. A threat that could possibly cause issues would be their competitor, Staples, who seems well known in this industry. In the scanning process, OfficeMax has identified itself with innovative technology, but could look into new ways to provide newly developed software annually and move into areas that have not been targeted. OfficeMax has achieved the following environmental milestones: The first nationally distributed 100% post-consumer copier paper developed by their company and the first nationally distributed 100% post-consumer color copier paper manufactured by wind power (OfficeMax, 2012). Sprint Sprint is one of the leading providers of wireless communication. Innovation of implementing creative ideas is a corne rstone to the company’s success. Sprint focuses on services by looking at ways to bring the customers in and retaining them. The biggest seller for Sprint currently is the unlimited data plan. Sprint is the only network that has this program. With their competitor, ATT, customers tend to go over their plan usage, which causes more fees and the uncertainty of interrupted services. Sprint had to research and become creative in order to stay a step ahead of its competitors and provide innovative ideas. â€Å"Sprint Nextel served more than 55 million customers at the end of 2011 and is widely recognized for developing, engineering, and deploying innovative technologies, including the first wireless 4G service from a national carrier in the United States† (Sprint, 2012). In order to continue being one of the leading providers in wireless communication, Sprint will have to continue looking at innovative ways to stay ahead of its competitors and providing customers with excellent services. In taking a look at the environmental scanning process for Sprint, it must be noted that external information must be gathered from all levels need to be evaluated to see what kind of information is being distributed inside the company that could possibly cause concerns for management as it relates to any changes. With the market changing, Sprint has to scan the market environment by looking at technology and the competition. Sprint tracks trends that alert them what age groups, nationalities, and genders are purchasing certain phones and phone plans. Some external environmental forces that affect Sprint are shifts in demographics, amount of money consumers make, technology changes, and its competitor. In looking at a SWOT analysis, Sprint strengths focuses on providing a Sprint Nextel phone that has â€Å"served more than 56 million customers at the end of the second quarter of 2012 and is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies† (Sprint, 2012). Some weaknesses are the need to continue to look at more innovative ways to stay ahead of its competitors and providing customers with excellent services, a better supply chain, and bad signal communication. An Opportunity for Sprint could be the idea of acquiring another company to merge with. A possible threat could be that one of its top selling phones would be sold by one of its competitors such as ATT. In conclusion, an environmental scan is very important to any organization interested in being competitive and knowing the advantages and disadvantages that face the company. In this paper, the author discussed a SWOT analysis as a way to determine a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it relates to factors that play a part in environmental scanning. In the corporate business strategy, information is needed to determine the future and ways to remain sustainable. Sprint and OfficeMax are two companies that the author’s organization uses and supports. They are both reputable companies, but should always continue to look at way to be more resilient and continue to focus on marketing because it produces longevity.

Tourism and Hospitality Sydney Habour Bridge

Question: Discuss about theTourism and Hospitalityfor Sydney Habour Bridge. Answer: Determinants of Tourist Demand The local tourist attraction that we are going to focus on is the Sydney Habour Bridge, which is one of the most famous icons in Australia. It is also called coathanger and is the largest steel arch bridge in the world. from the bridge there is a spectacular view of the city as well as the habour.Lets look at the factors that affect tourist numbers to this famous icon.. These factors can be grouped into five major groups: Income level available. This refers to the amount of money available to consumers to spend on leisure goods, such as tourism, after having paid for their basic needs. That is, it refers to the budget constraint to which the demand for any good is subjected (Coccossis, Mexa, 2004). If income levels is high many people will visist the bridge. Price level. With regard to this variable, it must be considered that it does not affect markets of origin in the same way as tourist destinations. In the home market, high prices or strong growth in domestic prices in Australia the numbers of tourists visiting the coat hanger is affected by domestic price level. The higher the price levels the less the tourist numbers. leads to an increase in spending on basic necessities, which means that a larger part of the rent is spent for these purposes, thereby depleting Amount spent on tourism (to maintain the budget constraint).. The relationship between demand, income, and price is expressed by economists in terms of demand elasticity, i.e. The degree of change that can be expected in demand against variations, either in the price of consumer goods, or in the level of disposable income.. When the elasticity is less than 1 the demand is little sensitive to increases in income, i.e. The increase in consumption is made in a smaller proportion (Holloway, Humphreys, 2016). When the elasticity is greater than 1 means that before changes in income, the quantity demanded of tourism increases more than proportionally. Fiscal policy and expenditure controls in tourism. This variable indirectly related to the disposable income of individuals is an important economic component. Faced with an increase in the fiscal pressure, the disposable income of individuals is relatively lower and, therefore, there will be a decrease in demand. Thus , less number of tourists to the tourist attraction. Exchange rates. The explicit relationship between the currencies of the countries that emit and receive tourism is an important factor in the tourist demand. A strong relationship of the currency of the issuing country with the dollar favors the tourist demand towards the destination countries with less strong currencies against the dollar. There is also another factor of political stability, which leads to increased tourism numbers (Peters, Pi kkemaat, 2012). Australia has been having a stable political environment , hence tourists are able to visist the site. Tourism Attraction Attributes the bridge has the following attributes the habour bridge is 134m high and 1.12 kilo metres long. .it used an approximate of six million rivets before completion.during hot temperatures, the height of the arch increases by as much as 17 cm, however, this change does not compromise the bridge. the bridge weighs approximately 52800 tonnes, with the arch weighing 40000 tonnes. 80% of the steel was imported from England. it took 9 years to complete the bridge in which 16 men died from the bridge related work. Throughout history the practice of tourism has been evolving, modifying travel patterns that have allowed the emergence of new destinations around the world. Even to the interior of the nations, the forms of travel and destinations visited have been modified, increasing the type and number of tourist products (Page, Connell, 2010). This diversification of tourism products is based on the new market segments that arise with the change in social patterns such as the emergence of single-parent trips or the increase of leisure time throughout the year, so it is necessary to identify which segment of Market can have access to the destination, how often, what is your average spending, etc. Tourist Products Among them in Australia are natural resources: beaches, mangroves, jungles, rivers, caves, flora, fauna, etc., which can form a tourist attraction; Services such as accommodation, food establishments, travel agencies, lessors and tourist guides; Accessibility: roads, and different types of transportation. Tourist destinations for optimum development and promotion of tourism must consider not only the natural resource they have, but also take into account aspects such as infrastructure, services and public planning in the city, Ease of access to the place. The attractions for visitors are the main symbols and images of tourist destinations in Australia, and as such, they reflect the differentiated valuation of certain resources and places, both by actors belonging to the community and by other agents related to the local productive system. Most of the heritage attractions have some kind of nucleus that promises a tourist experience. References Coccossis, H., Mexa, A. (2004).The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment.Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Holloway, J., Humphreys, C. (2016).The Business of Tourism. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited. Moutinho, L. (2011). Strategic management in tourism. Wallingford: CABI. Page, S., Connell, J. (2010). Tourism. Los Angeles: SAGE. Peters, M., Pikkemaat, B. (2012).Innovation in hospitality and tourism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Robinson, P., Luck, M., Smith, S. (2013). Tourism.CABI.

The Problem of Population Aging in the US

Metrosexuality response Essays

Metrosexuality response Essays Metrosexuality response Paper Metrosexuality response Paper Summarize the article. What contribution does this article offer to the conversation of masculinity? Through the analysis of recent articles and documentaries, one may conclude that the true definition of man and masculinity may be hard to define, much less conceptualize. In such ways, masculinity is often defined by what it is not. With this in mind, through the analysis of the article, Managing Masculinity: The Metrosexual Moment, by Helene Shugart, one may see that these lines have once again been blurred. As mentioned, Masculine gender identity is never stable; its terms are ontinually being re-defined and re-negotiated, the gender performance continually being restaged. In congruence, Shugart presents us with the idea of metrosexuality. The definition of metrosexuality is: a usually urban heterosexual male given to enhancing his personal appearance by grooming, beauty treatments, and fashionable clothes. This very definition may lead one to question all previous knowledge and guidelines of masculinity. Such a definition has lead to problems in distinguishing between masculinity and femininity, thus resulting in the, masculinity risis. The article seeks to address these issues as well as the changing concepts of identity, status, and privilege. As we have learned through this article and previous analyses, commercialization has a highly pervasive influence on masculinity. As mentioned in the article, some scholars trace commercial masculinity back to the 1950s, yet it is still pervasive in contemporary popular culture. Most agree that the 1980s witnessed the start of a dramatic shift toward the objectification of the male body. As the article states this bservation is consistent with the notion that commercial masculinity may be best understood as a logical consequence of feminist challenges to cultural discourses and definitions of gender. In past discussions we have seen the continuous objectification of the female body, now it seems as though the tables have slightly shifted and in doing so raised the standard in commercial masculinity. With this in mind one may have seen the sudden birth of the, metrosexuality movement. Shugart addresses these commercialized issues in regards to the emergence of said ovement. The television show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, the book that was spun off of the television series, and the popularly designated handbook of metrosexuality (The Metrosexual Guide to Style: A Handbook for the Modern Man) all further aided the growth and influence of this movement. Although the phenomenon was but brief it was significant to the extent that it thoroughly consumed the public consciousness for the better part of two years. The article mentions that, despite the ostensible promise of a union forged between heterosexual and gay men for edefining masculinity, Queer Eye ultimately reifies normative notions by defining homosexuality against masculinity. In congruence, metrosexuality challenges the normative masculinity. As gender barriers have grown more fluid, so has the male appeal of accessories, mentions in the above quote, with the questioning of normative masculinity came a marked reversal of the gendered tradition of self-improvement, which Faludi describes as the ornamentalisation of men. It should be known that gay men where essential to metrosexuality in US popular culture. As Shugart states, metrosexuality as rendered meaningful in this regard as a product of the intersection between normative, straight masculinity and gay, effeminate mascul inity. In the popular US discourse of metrosexuality, gay men were assigned very clearly defined roles, as drawn sharply against authentic -heterosexual†masculinity. Within the discourse of commercial masculinity, metrosexuality effectively consigned gay men the role of border agents located at the margins of gender and sexuality, charges with marshalling those borders and resolutely maintaining their continence even as they ollaborated closely with straight men. Straight men could collude with and capitalize on gay mens aberrant status in order to increase their cultural capital, both with women and in terms of economic and professional success, to which the gay men essentially functioned as link. Henceforth, the presence of gay men was vital within the metrosexual movement. Through analysis of the article, in congruence with past discussions, I feel that metrosexuality defies all previous accounts of masculinity. This defiance further blurs the lines between masculinity and femininity. Through my personal analysis, I conclude that a metrosexual male is no less masculine than a commercialized rough and tough fgure such as, Rocky Balboa. Although I am no closer to being able to clearly define the lines that encompass masculinity, I feel that this broader knowledge allows for a more open minded assessment. No two people are created equally, therefore one man cannot be held to the standards of another. Although this seems to be an unrealistic conclusion given todays society, one can only make strides towards this true definition of a man.

The US Airways has grown to become a successful airline in the US Research Paper

The US Airways has grown to become a successful airline in the US - Research Paper Example After a series of mergers and buyouts, the US Airways grew from just a small airline operating in just a number of airports within the US to big conglomerate with a huge annual turnover (McNicholas 1). This airline has a colorful history and a rich culture facilitated by the presence of loyal customers coupled with hard working employees. However, evidence from reliable studies show that this success or rather triumph has come along with numerous setbacks. As of today, the US Airways faces serious challenges, which include the merger between itself and America West (Vasigh, Ken, and Liam 32). Analysts assent that the anticipated marriage linking the US Airways and America West brought certain obstacles, which comprise of labor challenges, integrating operations, competition, and a weak industry as well as the issue of rebranding the whole airline probably using a different color (Yunich 2). Despite being a low cost airline, the US Airways is still dealing with lost employee morale sp ecifically after the effects of September 11 started exerting heavy toll on the aviation industry (Taneja 65). Generally, in order for the US Airways to stay firm in business, it has to introduce few changes and alter a number of its stipulations. It is therefore recommendable for the US Airways to move from excessive assets, the filing of Chapter 11 (Bankruptcy, BUS 371), and lost customers to a â€Å"load factor† (Moyer and Reynolds 51). Position of the problem Since the problems facing the US Airways are numerous, it is substantial to include a number of spectrums that establishes several positions aimed at getting a clear picture of the situation. It is agreeable that merging with the America West is crucial for the US Airways business operations (Lu 34). It can result to increased profit margins, reduced competition, and potential utilization of the company assets (Pender and Richard 50). However, a critical review of the company’s feedback from various players in the same market shows that, the merger may never happen simply because other airlines competing for the same clientele claim that this merger may diminish them by rendering their businesses useless. Profoundly, the US Airways offers a low cost service to its customers while the America West offers similar services in addition to other favorable offerings to its clients (McNicholas 2). As such, a merger between these dominant airlines would mean increased competition pro the other airlines, which would result to low profit margins, loss of customers, and subsequent exit in the industry (Brent 92). Of course, not even a single airline would want this to happen so contesting against this marriage is a priority to most of the foreseen victims. Since the major problem facing the US Airways is the issues that resulted from its subsequent merging with America West, understanding that the US Airways should not lose sight of its mission and visions statements is imperative (Vasigh, Ken, and Liam 40). With reference to the US Airways statements visions and mission, the company seeks to provide safety and value to its customers (Moyer and Reynolds 75). Additionally, it commits itself into making every flight count and dedicates its corporate social responsibility department towards maintaining a sustainable environment. Although there has been no terror effects of any plane crash

Case study of Union carbide and Bhopal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study of Union carbide and Bhopal - Essay Example Most Americans considering its controversial nature overwhelmingly waited for the verdict on Martha Stewart’s case on 27th, December 2001.However, the question on whether Stewart committed the crime is open to question. Martha Stewart was found at fault for selling her ImClone shares. The US attorneys accused her of obstructing fairness and that she was deceitful to investigators. According to attorneys, Stewart was blameworthy of insider trading. I strongly do not accept as true that Stewart committed an insider trading crime given that she acted on her stockbroker’s knowledge. Sam Waksal, the ImClone CEO did not either clue-up Stewart or her stock brokers the defiance of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to appraise the untried cancer drug, Erbitux. Fascinatingly, Sam, on selling his shares, was just speculating on the decision that could be taken by FAD. He did not have the packed information and for that, could not reveal any to Stewart. Decisively, Martha did not commit insider-trading crime (Drew 707-708). Tight spot is whether the US Attorneys and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) used good decision in indicting Martha Stewart. Stewart, having been advised by Bacanovic who was her stockbroker to sell her shares if ImClon shares fall below $60 saved $ 45,673. Banacovic complained that his worksheet had been altered but was considered malice. Although, SEC filed a civil complaint against Stewart, the resolution arrived at in indicting her is doubtful. The issue was supposed to be inside trading but was twisted to conspiracy, obstruction and lying to the investigators. Martha overtly denied accusations against inside trading. Though she got a call that Sam was selling her shares and went ahead to sell her shares too before calling Sam, she was not a victim of inside trade. She just relied on her friend’s trustworthiness. Prosecutors must have had additional motive for pursuing the case. Instead of filling a suit of inside tr ade against Stewart, which was supposed to be a criminal case, the issue of inside trade was left and the suit was certainly turned to a civil case. The prosecutor must have had a motive of proving a point to the public that even celebrities cannot escape the rule of law. There was no enough evidence to rule the case. The government simply wanted to show that it was strict on business crime (Drew 708-710). I certainly do not concur with the jury that Martha was guilty beyond reasonable doubt. How even in a nonprofessional’s language, can failure to provide evidence by an individual’s guilt be termed as obstruction of justice? Surprisingly, no one stood on the courtroom as a casualty of Stewart’s action. The fact that Stewart kept mum was not enough to declare her guilty. Stewart postulates that she acted upon receiving information that Sam was selling his stock. The information that she got was from a competent individual whom she solely depended on for guidance when it comes to stock matters. Upon hearing the information, she decided to sell her stock. Like any other individual, she could have not waited any further but to save her money before loss. In addition, Sam although he was the CEO of ImClone, did not receive any information from the Food and Drug Administration that their drug was going to be rejected. He further did not leak any information to Stewart that could make her gain inside knowledge about the

Managerial Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managerial Economics - Research Paper Example Designers split their focus in making the current designs for their clients while having time to produce designs for the upcoming promotional activities for the new packages. It was found out that the current plan of making new design packages may push the company to many opportunity costs. Alternatives may be needed, such as getting talented workers from developing countries through freelance sites to finish the project while continuing the planned release of new packages. Application of Managerial Economics Executive Summary The company named Graphic Design Works specializes in graphic design as a product for other companies like small businesses and startup companies. The management comes to a point where it needs to decide to add new packages that may increase the profits of the company. In addition, the decision-making body plans to expand the ventures of the company towards software development, networking and business process outsourcing. It means the company may hire new work ers when it expands its business operations. For the company to expand, it requires huge amount of capital; the profits from the new packages may help in this if ever the launching and sales will be successful. The expansion may commence once the target profit is hit through the campaigns and promotions to popularize the new design packages for the clients to enjoy. The packages include various custom designs for merchandise, emails, webpage, logo and stationery with corresponding number of designs. Campaigns will be implemented through postings in the official website of Graphic Design Works, massive email advertising, article postings on web magazines, free ad postings, producing television commercials and radio announcements, post mail advertising, visiting corporate offices and phoning the potential customers. The company thinks of continuing the new packages to be offered to their past and present clients and even expand their market via promotions using traditional media with some touch of online advertising. Traditional media like newspapers, radio and television have already solid set of viewers that the company may tap to produce sales for their new packages. On the other hand, the internet allows any business to save while reaching global audience but with less developed tactics and strategies as of the moment. The potential of the internet shows that more people can start their business with low capital and target a wider market. In addition, companies can hire employees from overseas entirely online which saves them from spending too much on manpower. Graphic Design Works looks at the conditions as opportunities since more startup businesses mean more potential clients to convince which may lead to more sales and profit for the company. Other than that, the company also plans to target ordinary people without businesses by offering them design packages for parties or personal messages. Traditional media also become big opportunities for the company as more people are acquainted to view them since they are already part of the culture unlike the internet which still experiences many developments to cope up with the traditional media. When it comes to production decision, Graphic Design Works does not worry about the needed materials and equipment to create the packages. Computers, software and professional graphic designers are the ones needed for the job. Since computers become cheaper

Light Touch Management Style Information Technology Essay

Light Touch Management Style Information Technology Essay Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. A project is a predetermined effort (having specific start and completion dates) undertaken to create a unique product or service which brings about beneficial change or added value. The primary challenge of project management is to achieve the project goals and objectives while honouring the project constraints. Typical constraints are scope, time and budget. The secondary and more ambitious challenge is to optimize the allocation and integration of inputs necessary to meet pre-defined objectives. (L. Ireland) 2. Introduction Traditional project management methodologies grew out of a need to control ever-larger development projects, and the difficulties of estimating and managing these efforts to reliably deliver results. These methodologies based on the Waterfall Model (Refer Appendix) process drew heavily on the principles from engineering such as construction management, where the team needs to determine requirements, design and plan for the entire building in order to understand the full scope of the effort and maintain them in an orderly sequence (Hass K.B., 2007). The inadequacy of this process is that in real world situation the activities rarely follow a sequential order; clients find it difficult to complete certain processes completely at an early stage and then move on. A need arises to identify, track and maintain close relationships with stakeholders and customers to not only overcome pressures of unprecedented change, global competition, time to-market compression and rapidly changing technologies but also to create and deliver customer value. Augustine (2006) defines Agile Project Management as the work of energizing, empowering and enabling project teams to rapidly and reliably deliver business value by engaging customers and continuously learning and adapting to their changing needs and environments. For example Infosys, by using agile approach it has successfully integrated and standardized desktops to provide one technology foundation for the merged business of Promina group of companies and Suncorp. The project was achieved in short time with regular checking process to ensure the project remained on track. 33. BENIFITS AND CHALLENGES OF APM: Boehm H. et.al. (2005) identified three critical challenging areas that affect the software managers of large scale organisations: 3.1 DEVELOPMENT CONFLICT: Traditional project life cycles require adjustments to the agile process the reason being traditional activities are focussed on optimising development over a period of time controversial to agility which believes in delivering immediate operational results. Agile requirements being primarily functional and reasonably informal they may or may not work in any systems engineering verification of validation approach. 3.2 BUSINESS CONFLICT Todays business processes and infrastructure require almost accurate prediction of future difficult-to-estimate responsibilities. The main problem is that agile does not support the certifications like ISO, CMMI etc because of this organization rating is affected. 3.3PEOPLE CONFLICT Agile team members will perform multitasking so it is difficult for the managers to assign specific roles to the members. Agile teams must be assembled in agile workspace which demands pair-programming stations, walls for status chart for the team to coordinate and share ideas. Stakeholders may play a different role which is key for the organisation as agile requires onsite customers, customer feedback and interaction, and customer input for acceptance testing. 4. Agile Project Management The agile development methodologies deal with rapid changes include eXtreme Programming (XP),Crystal, Scrum, Adaptive Software Development (ASD), Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) and Feature-Driven Development (FDD) (Abrahamsson P., 2003).Generally agile methods promote a project management process that mainly focuses on frequent inspection and adaptation, a leadership philosophy that encourages teamwork, self-organization and accountability, a set of engineering best practices that allow for rapid delivery of high-quality software, and a business approach that aligns development with customer needs and company goals. There are many specific agile development methods. Most promote development iterations, teamwork, collaboration, and process adaptability throughout the life-cycle of the project. Agile methods break tasks into small increments with minimal planning, and dont directly involve long-term planning. Iterations are short time frames that typically last from one to f our weeks. Iteration is worked on by a team through a full software development cycle, including planning, requirements analysis, design, coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing when a working product is demonstrated to stakeholders. This helps minimize overall risk, and lets the project adapt to changes quickly. Stakeholders produce documentation as required.. Agile methods are sometimes characterized as being at the opposite end of the spectrum from plan-driven or disciplined methods. This distinction is misleading, as it implies that agile methods are unplanned or undisciplined. A more accurate distinction is that methods exist on a continuum from adaptive to predictive. (Turner, 2004). 4.1 Agile Management Agile management technically is used mainly in IT projects or projects which use software programmes as their base. Its been well known now that software plays an important part in the Project Management practises of now a day, as it plays an important role, agile project management is also becoming an integral part of it. There are various software techniques that management teams are now employing for their Project Management needs, such as CAS (Complex Adaptive System). CAS based agile project management framework is established that prescribes six practises for managing agile development projects. These practises not only help to manage teams as complex adaptive systems but also provide with a freedom to overlay personal leadership styles. For example consider an ant colony which is an example for CAS. Individually, ants have primitive brains yet collectively run surprisingly sophisticated and efficient operations. Using a few simple rules of logic without central direction, they find food, build and maintain their nests, tend to their young, and respond to attacks (G. Anthes). Keeping the principles in mind, the project manager can tune the following practices to match their unique project situation. 4.1.1 Guiding Vision According to Margaret Wheatley, A project vision translated into a simple statement of project purpose and communicated to all team members has a powerful effect on individual member behaviour.. It is essential for the agile project managers to promote team ownership of the vision by facilitating group discussions that would eventually help the team through difficult decisions about business value and would help them focus and inspired on the ultimate goal. Agile managers guide their teams by defining, disseminating, and sustaining a vision that influences the internal models of individual agents. The Agile Manifesto (www.agilemanifesto.org) created in 2001 by the proponents of these methodologies articulated a core set of values useful in steering this vision. 4.1.2 Team Organising Agile project managers need to pay lot of attention to set up and organize a agile team to operate within the larger enterprise. Agile project managers need to seek a redundancy of function and posses generalized specialists with skills not only in their specialty areas, but in other areas as well. This would then help in organic team composition and enable adaptability to changing external conditions. If a project demands larger team size, the agile manger needs to organize the project into several small organic sub teams to work in parallel to scale up in size. Organizing a project into organic teams implies a minor interaction penalty in terms of communication and coordination overhead (De Marco). Positive collaboration can be achieved by means of the time-honoured kick-off group lunch, training sessions by sharing personal and professional information and by understanding individual team members signals. Also it is vital for agile manager to ensure that the team maintains optimal internal channels of communication while minimizing the effect of an interaction penalty. 4.1.3 Simple Rules Agile project managers should establish a set of simple, generative process rules for the team. Methodologies usually carry processes, templates, deliverables and rules along with them. These rules become so burden that they are not followed at all. Some heavier processes enforce rule compliance by auditing, resulting in being counterproductive. Team members on APM projects should follow simple rules with their interactions resulting in complex behaviour emerging from the bottom up over time. Throughout a project, the manager identifies practices that arent being followed, seeks to understand why theyre not, and removes obstacles to their implementation. For example consider Birds in a group they follow basic rules such as avoiding objects, keeping pace and staying close to other birds .By following these simple rules, group of birds exhibit complex, collective behaviour by flying for long distances and adapting to changing conditions along the way (Augustine, 2006).Also XP practices do not restrict the autonomy and creativity of individuals by providing a simple set of rules. 4.1.4 Free and Open Information To adapt an agile team information must be open and free flowing. In agile project management information flows freely and team members benefit from the power of knowledge no matter what its source. In the agile arena, information is freed to leverage its power. Collective code ownership encourages everyone to contribute to the project. For instance, Trimble Navigation New Zealand implemented XP practices as fully as possible, as these practices promote open access to information and benefited of working with an accessible in-house customer who was able to be part of the project team. 4.1.5 Light Touch Management Style In Traditional project management everything is viewed through the prism of control of change, risk and people control (Augustine, 2006).Elaborate methodologies, tools, and practices have evolved to manage an out of control world. But tools fail when linear task breakdowns cannot accommodate cyclical processes and neat schedule demand frequent updating to reflect changing circumstances. So agile managers need to manage their teams with a light touch management style that allows team autonomy and flexibility and a customer value focus without sacrificing control. Skilled professionals dont adapt well to micromanagement, and tools and techniques quickly reach their limits when not used appropriately. Managers realize that increased control doesnt yield increased order, accepting their own inability to know everything in advance while relinquishing some control to achieve greater order. 4.1.6 Adaptive Leadership (Agile Vigilance) Adaptive leadership employs systems thinking to understand a projects internal forces. For example, events are understood in terms of their patterns, or the common elements that persist in diverse circumstances. The agile manager understands the effects of the mutual interactions among a projects various parts and steers them in the direction of continuous learning and adaptation (Sanjiv et al., 2005). Double-loop Learning enable agile managers to lead teams adaptively that involves continuous observing and assessing of the effect of the practices on the project and adapting the practices such as getting Plus-Delta feedback and conducting scenario planning for maximum impact and desired results 4.2 Agile Framework Scott Amblers Agile Modelling framework provides a broader framework for creating agile processes applied to software projects. Higher level Agile Model Driven Development (AMDD) best practices came into existence when AMDD lifecycle began to combine to describe when modelling occurs on projects such as Architectural envisioning and Requirements envisioning at the beginning of the project or model storming on a Just-In-Time (JIT) basis throughout the project(Ambler,2002). Project managers and senior managers should strive to keep modelling approach as collaborative and simple as possible, by adopting as many of the principles and practises of AM to ease it gradually 4.3 Principles of Agile Management Agile methods are a family of development processes, not a single approach to software development. Some of the principles of Agile Project Management are:- Customer satisfaction by rapid, continuous delivery of useful software Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months) Even late changes in requirements are welcomed Close, daily cooperation between business people and developers Face-to-face conversation is the best form of communication (Co-location) Regular adaptation to changing circumstances Simplicity Self Organising Teams. 5. Example of Agile Project Management 5.1 Executive Summary In 2002, Agile competency has started within Mahindra Satyam. It had a strong team of over a 100 consultants who were well trained in diverse skill sets to address various dimensions of Agile product implementation, support and maintenance services. The main focus was on customer delight and success. There are many challenges that an established software organization faces when shifting to Agile. While there is a wealth of information and literature on the topic, much of it is most applicable to small teams working on Greenfield projects. But when contending with several teams, multiple projects and a mix of work new products, existing products, and maintenance there is an art to figuring out how to adapt Agile so that it works for the business. The consultants are well trained in diverse sets to address the different dimensions of agile and the team is trained in various product versions including 8.5, 9x and agile e6. 5.2 Overview Mahindra Satyam is a leading global business consulting and IT services company established in June, 1987. Leveraging deep industry functional expertise, leading technology practices, and an advanced, global delivery model, we enable companies to unlock their business potential. It provides various services and solutions using agile methodology. Satyam has developed agile methodology to track costs associated in gathering and analysing the requirements, which are the primary cause for a software project to fail. Electronic Training Record (ETR) is a solution developed in agile to maintain and track the training requirements of users in pharmacy industries. Today Satyam is a part of the $6.3 billion Mahindra Group, a global industrial conglomerate and one of the top 10 industrial firms based in India. 5.3 Applying Agile Agile requires a great deal of discipline. To succeed, you need to have sound engineering practices and tooling, said Maples. Almost immediately, Agile exposes those areas that need greater attention. And how you deploy and structure your data will determine the accuracy and scale of your project. The first step was to define standards for data descriptions uniform definitions for different activities and assets across the organization. A single definition for goal story, requirement, user story. This helped to make it easier for teams to understand each others work, and allow them to manage dependencies across teams. Next, Satyam made Team Focus the standard management console for all of its delivery projects. Team Focus sits on top of all the various ALM tools and repositories for delivery organization and provides a single Agile dashboard. This enabled the teams to immediately begin adopting agile practices without making significant changes to tool support. 5.4 Agile Planning To drive alignment between its Agile teams, marketing and product management organizations, and ensure that the work that is happening sprint by sprint maps back to business goals, it relies on the connection between Team Focus and its core products to link strategic goals and plan items directly to the requirements, user stories, tasks, and test cases. Agile projects emphasize on working software, which is quite different from traditional software. Traditionally, the success of a project is measured by the functional milestone. In agile projects, however, working software is the final measurement of project status. At the end of each short iteration, a working product is produced and available for review. The main advantage of this is it provides enough time to fix any mistake during the execution of a project before it affects adversely on the project 5.5 Agile Quality 5.6 Result 100% increase in number of product releases per year Reduced administrative and planning overhead by an average of 15 hours per 3 week sprint Eliminated 6 days a month of vice president and director time spent reporting per product group Increased customer satisfaction by including minor features in maintenance releases Increased product quality, reducing issues open from release to release by 50% Increased team productivity through enhanced morale (Source: www.mahindrasatyam.com) 6. Conclusion The lack of guidance for project managers of agile development projects has been a gaping hole in the software development community over the past several years. The contrast between the world of agile software development and traditional project management has left many managers wondering what their role should be. By viewing the agile development team as a complex adaptive system and the manager as an integral part of that system, we have begun to develop a framework for managers. This framework of practices is meant to overlay the practices of existing agile methodologies such as XP, and provide clear guidelines for the visionary leadership of projects that use them. The servant-leader concept introduced by Robert Greenleaf is the most appropriate way of thinking of the agile project manager. The project can be modified as and when the process moves and can be guided to create the desired outcomes. Despite of being simple agile is a costly process. It needs an organisation with a quality team capable of working independent from the organisation coupled with desired skills and experience and a fully engaged product power;then the project will be lead in a great way. 7. References: Abrahamsson, P., Warsta, J., Siponen, M., Ronkainen, J. (2003). New directions in agile methods:Comparative analysis. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering,pp 244-254. Alleman G.B. (2002). Agile Project Management Methods for IT Projects, The Story of Managing Projects: A Global, Cross- Disciplinary Collection of Perspectives. Greenwood Press / Quorum Books Augustine S., Payne B., Sencindiver F., Woodcock, S. (2005). Agile Project Management: Steering From the Edges.(Vol. 48). Communications of the ACM. Issue. 12. pp. 85-89. Augustine, S. (2006). Managing Agile Projects. Printice Hall PTR. David I. Cleland, Roland Gareis (2006). Global project management handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006. ISBN 0071460454. p.1-4: Project management was formally recognized in the 1950s as a distinct discipline arising from the management discipline. DeMarco, T. The Deadline: A Novel About Project Management. Dorset House, New York, 1997. Hass K.B. (2007). The Blending of Traditional and Agile Project Management. (Vol. IX).PM World Today. Issue. V. Lewis R. Ireland (2006) Project Management. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006. Sanjiv et al., Communication of the ACM, December 2005/ Vol.48, No. 12 Scott W. Ambler (2002). Agile Modelling. Published by John Wiley Sons , Inc., New York Anthes, G. Ant colony IT. Computerworld (2001); http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/61394/Ant_Colony_IT accessed on 15-04-2010 http://www.mahindrasatyam.com/services/erp/Agile.asp 8. Appendix Appendix-1 Model storming Active Stakeholder participation Test-driven design (TDD) Prioritized Requirements Iteration modeling Requirements Envisioning Architecture Envisioning Executable Specifications Just barely good enough Document late Multiple models Model a bit ahead Single source information AGILEMODELING Source -Ambler (2002) Appendix-2 Source: http://www.fivelakes.org/images/projectstages.png Appendix-3 Source: Hass K.B. (2007)

A Feminist Rhetorical Tradition of Women Fighting For Their Right to Sp

The country is crying out for liberty and equality. Every man and woman has the right to express his/her opinions,† echoes Mariah S. Stewart, the first African-American female to speak amongst a mixed race and gender crowd. Since the very moment men dictated women to act as children, seen and not heard, fervent female voices refused the patriarchal oppression aimed at quelling the efforts of their female gender’s. With a social order firmly placed in position and accepted in large by those in political and social power, women activists continued to work towards impeding the subjection, which denounced them as the weaker, unintellectual, unspiritual, less virtuous and inarticulate sex. While some of these women used the power of Christianity as a vehicle to assert their concerns of women’s lack of freedom, they simultaneously chastised men for condemning their gender as less righteous, which was essentially against God’s order. The prevalence of womenâ€℠¢s activist roots contextualizes women in a cultural manifestation of societal change. By tracing a synopsis of some of the key figures in the anti-slavery agenda, woman’s war on race and sexism, woman’s fight for equality in religiosity and ministerial vocation, and more exclusively, the women’s rights movement, we can identify in a historical tradition of rhetoric the preeminence of the female voice and her passionate declaration for individual rights to freedom and happiness Recognized as a contemporary, as well as contributor, to the leading philosophers, Plato, Socrates, Xenophon and Aristophanes of the Common Era, historians regard Aspasia of Miletus as a key figure in political and rhetorical theory. In Cheryl Glenn’s essay, â€Å"Sex, Lies and Manuscript: Refiguring Aspasia in the... ...ignificant to the women’s movement, but also to contemporary scholarship where women’s voices are often marginalized and silenced over their male counterparts. Challenging the â€Å"contemporary academic and cultural scene† forces women to regain their place in western rhetorical history while also urging women to be aware of the importance in writing themselves into history (Glenn 181). Willard speaks of the action women must take in order to persevere over female hardship; she states, â€Å"The world is wide, and I will not waste my life in friction when it could be turned into momentum.† With these words, it is important to consider that change is not met by stagnation of a voice, but instead it is initiated by passionate women who within their voices can reach a majority of opposing listeners fearlessly and demand with great articulation that change must persist.

Children And Adults Suffering From Obesity Education Essay

Over the past decennary there has been increasing concern over the turning figure of kids and grownups enduring from fleshiness, so much so that we now recognise this as an ‘obesity epidemic ‘ . In Australia entirely the pervasiveness of fleshiness has doubled since the early 1980 ‘s due to a pronounced lessening in engagement in physical activity and an addition in sedentary life styles full of activities which require small motive and motion ( Medical Journal of Australia, 2003 ) . Alongside the deficiency of physical activity kids and immature people are set abouting at that place has besides been a diminution in the degree of engagement Aussies have in ‘social establishments ‘ such as their household, church or community groups ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . Over the past century, as households became busier they are passing less clip together and this has resulted in ‘increased demands on schools to carry through the societal and emotional demands of kids ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . Schools have since needed to include more focused plans to suit for such acquisition to help in the growing and development of kids socially and emotionally ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . There has been a push, countrywide for schools to follow more wellness and wellbeing plans to profit kids and immature people as healthy kids are seen to larn more efficaciously when take parting in physical activity and wellbeing acquisition ( Department of Health, Victoria, 2012 ) . If we as a state do n't leap on board these wellbeing enterprises the kids of today will turn to be sedentary grownups with enduring an addition in disease and unwellness and miss the resiliency to cover with negative experiences. At St Paul ‘s Ballarat ( name changed ) a school of about 300 kids, they have adopted both the Bluearth plan to account for the Movement and Physical Activity facet of the Victorian Essential Learning Standards and the P.A.T.H.S ( Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies ) plan to carry through the demand for kids ‘s societal and emotional development ( School Website, 2012 ) . These plans have been adopted at a whole school degree and are implemented on a hebdomadal footing to guarantee consistence. This study will compare and contrast the Bluearth and PATHS plan and its effectivity both by and large and at St Paul ‘s Primary School.RationaleBluearthBluearth is a national, non for net income administration which was founded in Australia in 2000 by Malcolm Freake who wanted to do a part to the overall wellness and well-being of the state by increasing kids ‘s engagement in physical activity ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . His squad of trained wellness professionals conceded that â€Å" the greatest long term benefit to any person ‘s wellness and well-being would be achieved through act uponing critical wonts and attitudes at a immature age † ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . Bluearth was created with the overarching finding to better the wellness of kids and ‘prevent disease [ caused by ] sedentary life ‘ through a plan which assimilates ‘body, head and spirit ‘ through shared engagement in physical activities ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . Where athletics lessons of the past were focussed on larning a peculiar game or accomplishment for illustration association football, Bluearth differs by concentrating on the whole kid by making ‘meaningful experiences which contribute to lifelong wonts ‘ ( Bluearth, 2009 ) . In an article published in the Surfcoast Times, Queensland following the execution of Bluearth plans in the province ‘s schools, Griffiths ( 2011 ) wrote that Bluearth ‘not merely learn kids the enjoyment of being physically active, it besides draws on their feelings, reactions and ideas that stem from their participationaˆÂ ¦and [ links ] cardinal developmental larning back into the schoolroom scenes and their lives ‘ . P.A.T.H.S ( Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies ) PATHS, a societal and emotional acquisition plan began in 1982 in America when a demand arose for a more active course of study which would authorise and promote kids, instructors and households from a school for the deaf to make their fullest potency. Kusche and Greenberg ( 1994 ) began the PATHS pilot undertaking with a little figure of kids in a Deaf school and their consequences were so delighting they altered the plan to be suited for usage with kids with particular demands and in mainstream instruction. The PATHS plan is geared towards pedagogues to ‘facilitate the development of self-denial, positive self-pride, emotional consciousness, and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . The PATHS plan focal points on the wellness cognition and publicity facet of Health and Physical activity from VELS by taking to increase kids ‘s self- control, self-esteem, ability to recognize and pass on feelings and increase their accomplishments in societal job work outing and conflict direction. The nature of the PATHS plan and the manner it is structured agencies it lends itself to being both a bar and intercession plan, harmonizing to Kusche and Greenberg ( 1994 ) its ‘dual maps add practical value to pedagogues since today ‘s schoolrooms by and large include a mixture of kids ‘ . In this study we will be mentioning to PATHS as an intercession theoretical account used in a mainstream school. While the Bluearth and PATHS plans began for wholly different grounds their topographic point now in primary school scenes serve the same intent: to back up the holistic development of kids socially and emotionally and to construct their apprehension of ego.StructureBoth the Bluearth and PATHS lesson construction impart itself to be easy implemented in a school scene. Both plans provide instructors with equal preparation by trained professionals with Bluearth traveling in 2005 toward attesting instructors as Bluearth teachers to guarantee the length of service of their plan remains ( Bluearth, 1994 ; Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Bluearth Sessionss are usually run for between 40-60minutes at least one time a hebdomad by a Bluearth Coach or trained Bluearth instructor and integrate a combination of activities taken from each of the six cardinal countries ; coordination and legerity, accomplishment activities, motion challenges and games, dynamic motion control, Parkour and nucleus motion ( The Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . The manner that Bluearth is set up provides easiness of entree for instructors as every accomplishment, activity or game is already created and explained in item in the Bluearth enchiridion and online at wwww.bluearth.org.au which encourages instructors to go on with the attack as opposed to go forthing the lessons out wholly because they can non believe of an activity to play with the kids. The construction puts the burden back on the schoolroom instructor to be responsible for the creative activity of a series of interconnected activities every bit good as the overall engagement of their kids in physical activity. PATHS besides provide instructors with resources aplenty nevertheless theirs includes consecutive lesson programs which are scripted ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Again, the duty of implementing a lesson lies with the instructor but the creative activity of said lesson is already done for you. Can a written lesson written by person in another state over a decennary ago be good to the kids of today? The reply is both yes and no. The lessons provide first-class get downing points, prima inquiries and excess resources such as illustrations of feelings faces and narratives associating to each emotion taught so these can be utile tools for the instructor nevertheless the books for each lesson are rather drawn-out and follow the same stairss each clip which can go insistent and therefore uninteresting for kids. The strength nevertheless of this plan is that it provides a running sheet for when each emotion or behavior should be taught across the primary old ages so instructors can imp lement them when they see fit over the school twelvemonth in a manner that it is prosecuting of kids and with their ain personal touch. While at St Paul ‘s I had the chance to learn both Bluearth and PATHS lessons ; I had ne'er seen a PATHS lesson and had viewed merely half a twelve Bluearth lessons over the past twosome of old ages nevertheless the really nature of these plans makes making and learning a lesson seamless. By integrating several of the six elements of the Bluearth plan kids were taught about being attentive to self, concentrating on their ain actions every bit good as working in squads and collaborating. By mentioning to the Bluearth Approach enchiridion making the sequence of activities was non a boring undertaking. Similarly with the PATHS lesson, kids learnt about the feelings jitteriness and anxiousness every bit good as tense and composure. The written lesson did non impart itself to the integrative manner in which I teach so I took parts of it and related the feelings back to stories the kids had read that hebdomad which included the said feelings and to kids ‘s ain experiences. This opened up treatment about the emotions at a degree suited to the kids. The overall construction of these plans is effectual in busy schools where instructors may hold limited clip to make a sequence of interconnected lessons from abrasion nevertheless they besides lend themselves to personal pick which in bend means the lessons will be more closely related to where the kids are at. Likewise, these plans support the Victorian Early Old ages Learning and Development Framework which under result 3 assert that ‘children have a strong sense of wellbeing ‘ and that pupils working toward VELS degree 2 become strong in their societal, emotional, and religious well-being taking an increasing duty for their ain physical and emotional well-being gaining accomplishments which allow them to ‘identify the feelings and demands of others, deciding struggle, depicting what they like about themselves and others and prosecuting in moderate to vigorous activity ( VEYLDF, 2009 ) .Pedagogy and PhilosophyBluearth and PATHS both assert a holistic doctrine whi ch focusses on the whole kid and how they develop physically, socially and emotionally by supplying course of study which is easy integrated into all aspects of the acquisition experience and by learning accomplishments for life- non merely for now ( Bluearth, 2009 ; Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1996 ) . Bluearth adopts a Psycho-Social attack to learning and larning with the underlying belief that ‘lifelong picks to take part in wellness advancing physical activities are dependent on perceptual experiences of enjoyment, competency and satisfaction ‘ ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . As such their lessons are based on the Self Determination Theory which asserts that societal environments such as schools have the ability to find the motive of kids and in turn support or counter consequence their positive development ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . This incorporates three basic human demands Competence: kids are driven to be adept and attain certain accomplishments and are rewarded by their achievements Autonomy: kids want to be in control of their ain actions Relatedness: kids want to experience as they belong. Bluearth provides kids with skill attainment in single and group activities, they focus on ego and our demand to be in responsible for our ain actions and they include all kids and measure all attempts and personal accomplishments ( Bluearth Approach, 1996 ) . Bluearth adopts the psycho societal thoughts of Participation Motivation, that is a individual ‘s determination to ‘begin and keep engagement in physical activity ‘ with the purpose of enabling alteration in behaviors ‘toward lifelong forms of active life ‘ ( Bluearth, 1996 ) . Similarly, the intrinsic doctrine of the PATHS plan is to educate the whole kid and to enable the growing of kids ‘s ‘self-control, positive self-pride, emotional consciousness and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments ‘ ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . The theoretical theoretical account behind the PATHS plan is, like Bluearth, about incorporating acquisition and as such they use the ABCD theoretical account of development looking at the Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive and Dynamic facets which shows itself through lessons about understanding your emotions, commanding behaviors, independent thought and duty toward work outing our ain jobs and increasing positive ego -esteem ( Kusche & A ; Greenberg, 1994 ) . This theoretical theoretical account is apparent in the 5 conceptual spheres of their course of study being self-control, emotional apprehension, constructing self-pride, relationships and interpersonal job work outing accomplishments. Although the theory underpinning the creative activity of each of these plans varies the overarching values they wish to instil in the kids are the same- they are those of being cognizant of and in control of our actions, taking duty, increasing self-esteem and understanding our emotions and those of others. Each plan is built upon the cognition that these accomplishments are non stand-alone accomplishments used merely during a PATHS or Bluearth lesson but instead they are those which can be integrated across all acquisition and through all life experiences. They are constructing stable, emotionally and socially content and physically active people for the hereafter.Program EffectivenessAny plan has the ability to be implemented efficaciously but it requires the support and attempt of the people put to deathing it to guarantee that it is prosecuting across the whole community in which it is being taught and that it is being taken on board by all staff and pupils. Harmonizing to the Channing-Bete company which provides the PATHS plan, consequences from old clinical surveies has shown to cut down aggressive behavior, increase self-denial, addition pupils vocabulary for pass oning about their emotions, addition consequences on cognitive trials and better struggle declaration, cut down hapless behavior and increase academic battle in pupils in deaf schools, particular needs pupils and mainstream schools ( Channing-Bete 2012 ) . St Pauls has shown that both plans have the ability to impact pupils, instructors and their ability to learn and larn in a friendly, wholesome and socially inclusive mode. In each category there is a PATHS kid of the twenty-four hours who has particular privileges and undertakes extra occupations to assist the instructor doing them experience competent and needed, they are given complements on a return place complement sheet and they are supported in how to have and give complements- the kids viewed do this non merely at the designated clip but throughout the full school twenty-four hours, promoting and giving congratulations to their equals. Students are in melody with the alterations in emotions and behaviors of their equals and on a regular basis look into how the others are experiencing. Similarly in Bluearth Sessionss kids are attentive and are able to concentrate on centering themselves to concentrate on their ain motions and actions as persons and alongside others. ‘Bluearth provides an environment where kids [ are given ] the chance to understand themselves from a first individual position and from the feedback and input provided by others ‘ ( Smith Family, 2012 ) . If there are any negative facets of the Bluearth plan it is that kids are non taught how to accept loss and failure due to the deficiency of competitory games and activities. The kids at St Paul ‘s participated in Olympic races in squads and were seen to fight with the loss associated with some undertakings and although they were good athleticss the loss affected them more than one might hold thought it should. Across the full St Paul ‘s community kids are respectful, empathetic, and friendly and have a resiliency non seen of kids at other schools all because of the instructions of Bluearth and PATHS which interconnect seamlessly across their course of study to supply the accomplishments necessary to be positive people of the hereafter.

Academy of Management

Academy of Management Academy of Management The academy of management is the most significant and the largest professional association in the world whose main goal is facilitating and equipping scholars with information about management and organization. It was established in November 1936 by Professor Chares L. Jamison and William N. Mitchell of the University of Michigan and the University Chicago respectively thus making it the oldest management association worldwide. It is located on the Briarcliff manor campus of New York University (AOM, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Academy of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Academy of management was established on the basis of advancing the philosophy of management. As the organization continued developing, its original founding members saw the rising need for scholarly research in management. This resulted to making the academy wholly academic. Today, the Academy of manag ement hosts 18, 518 members from 104 different countries as compared to its ten members during it formation. The academy’s efforts to involve members form various countries is based on its efforts to share management information as well as giving people from different communities a chance to participate in the organizations. Among its affiliates are Asia, Iberoamerica and five management academies of the USA which include â€Å"the Eastern, Midwest, Southwest, the Western Academy of management as well as the Southern management association† (AOM, 2003, p. 1). The operations management division of the Academy of management deals with change management in the process of producing goods and services regardless of whether it’s a profit or a non-profit making organization. The major topics in management include â€Å"operations strategy, products and service development, supply chain management, project management, quality management and issues facing operations suc h as international, human resources, environmental and IT† (AOM, 2003, p. 1). Some of the sponsors that took place in this program in 2009 include â€Å"Platinum, Project Management Institute, BGSU college of Business Administration, University of Manchester-Manchester Business School, Kelly School of Business, Gold, College of Business-University of Illinois, Stanford University, Portland University, Wake Forest University† (AOM, 2003, p. 1) among others. Operations Strategy The topic of operations strategy in management deals with the strategic decisions that chief executive officer in the operations department of a company come up with. It links the strategic decisions and the products or the results of these decisions (Waters Waters, 1999). Operations strategy differs from the corporate and Business strategy in that while the latter describes general strategies the former finds means to accomplish the general strategies. The operations strategy tries to relate the company’s strengths with consumer’s tastes and preferences. Some of the details that this strategy considers before coming up with a product include the kind of products to manufacture, the range of these products, the processes employed, technology, means of producing and maintaining quality goods, the areas of establishing their business and capacity to produce as well as means of enjoying the economies of scale (Waters Waters, 1999). Products and Service Development The topic of products and service development involves the means which can be employed to ensure quality work in a company. The wave that is employed in this scenario is called the Design For Six Sigma which is built upon two principles or goals. The first goal is â€Å"Do the right things† while the second goal is â€Å"Do the right things all the time† (Yang El-Haik, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wi th 15% OFF Learn More The first goal means that when designing the manufacturing a product or a service, it is important to do it excellently. Doing the right things ensures that product gives the consumer great excitement since it fits his desires, delivers the product in the most economical, efficient and flexible way and it gives room for competitive advantage. The second goal ensures consistence in the results of the first goal and does not give room for compromising. Supply Chain Management Supply chain refers to a relationship created among various companies by interconnections in terms of services, information; finances among others form a source to a customer. Therefore supply chain management involves coordination of various businesses involved in the supply chain in order to ensure a long term existence of a company as well as the supply chain (Mentzer, 2001). Some of the areas covered in the topic of supply chain management include its application in the g lobal environment, how it can affect customer’s value, satisfaction, behavior and differential advantage, roles of marketing in supply chain management among others. Project Management In Academy of Management conferences in 2007, several workshops and papers were basically geared towards project management. This was one of the best management conferences whereby the quality of the conference was quite good. Among the issues discussed concerning project management included: teaching project management with people in mind, debating a research agenda on the management of large engineering projects, how to study project management while involving diverse research methods and specific phenomena in studying project, as well as the relationship between project management and firm success. (Yaghootkar, 2007. P.1) The conference put emphasis on giving the students projects that were applicable in the real life situation as well as in the Job market. Quality Management This is another major topic in management according to the Academy of management. The four main components of quality management include â€Å"quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement† (AOM, 2003, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Academy of Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quality standards of the ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9000:2008 which were derived from the experts who took part in the ISO certification among which were the Academy of management included â€Å"customer focus, leadership, involving people, system approach to management, consistent improvement, factual approach to decision making, and mutually beneficial supplier relationship† (ISO, 2011, p.1). Issues facing Operations Another major topic in management is the topic covering issues facing operations in management. Some of the major issues discussed in details in this area include international, hu man resources, environmental and IT issues facing business bodies which the Academy of management have identified through continued scholarly research and real life experiences. These issues have been triggered by globalization which has reduced the world to a cyber space as well as extending the work of operations in management since businesses and organizations are no longer limited to geographical boundaries. Conclusion Since its formation in 1936, the Academy has contributed a lot and impacted so many people who have interest in the field of management. The Academy has been developing with time while giving academic scholars greater room for research in order to come up with scholarly materials. The above discussed major topics in the field of management have equipped managers with the required information in their line of profession. This has prevented frustrations in the field of management since such knowledge brings about excellence in organization management. Managers and s cholars in management should acquire membership to the academy of management to continue equipping themselves with quality ideas in this field. References AOM. (2003). Dedicated to Advancing the Scholarship and Advancement of Management. AOM Online. Retrieved from http://aom.org/ ISO. (2011). Quality Management Principles. ISO Organization. Web. Mentzer, J. (2001). Supply Chain Management. California: Sage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Waters, C Waters, D. (1999). Operations Management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Yaghootkar, K. (2007). Project Management Session in AOM Conference. Project Management Review. Retrieved from http://project-management-review.blogspot.com/2007/06/project-management-sessions-in-aom.html Yang, K El-Haik, B. (1999). Design for Six Sigma: A Road Map to Product Development. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Professionals.

Infertility essays

Infertility essays Infertility is when you are unable to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse, or you are unable to stay pregnant. Between 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are infertile. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis, but if you've had unprotected sex for more than 12 months and are still not pregnant, theres a good chance one or both of you may have infertility problem. Many infertile couples go on to have children, but they may need extra time or medical help to conceive. It is no ones fault for infertility. There are many conditions that may cause a women to become infertile; endometriosis, ovulation problems, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroids, tube blockages, sexually transmitted disease (chlamydia or gonorrhea), painful or irregular periods, pelvic or abdominal surgery, diabetes, cancer, thyroid disease, asthma or depression. There are also condition that may cause a man to become infertile; sexually transmitted disease (chlamydia or gonorrhea), infection with the mumps virus after puberty, hernia repair, diabetes, cancer, asthma, thyroid disease or depression, undescended testicles and testicular tumors, cysts or cancer. Most infertility cases (85 to 90 percent) are treated with conventional therapies, such as drug treatment or surgical repair of reproductive organs. There are many helpful things a person may do to try and get pregnant. Infertility is usually treated with clomiphene citrate (a drug that induces ovulation), human chorionic gonadotropin (a hormone that stimulates the ovaries and triggers ovulation), and/or intrauterine insemination (separating the sperm from the seminal fluid and placing it in a small amount of fluid then putting directly inside the uterus). Less than 5% of all infertility cases are treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF is a method to help with reproduction where a man's sperm and the woman's egg are combined in a laboratory dish, where fe...

Heinrich Wolfflin's book, Principles of Art History Essay

Heinrich Wolfflin's book, Principles of Art History - Essay Example There is more use of much plane in the renaissance drawing by order of presenting strata parallels to the planes of the picture. There are forward and backward relations in the renaissance picture and this are indicated with a look at the planes as presented in the background walls. There is also presentation of a foreground that is simple in both pictures. However, in the renaissance picture, it is easier to explain the foreground formation than the background plane view. The reverse is seen in the baroque picture. Actually, the presentation in the baroque picture is recessional. There are also multiple presentations of planes. The scene has a small group of multiple people. There are very few planes that discrete because each of the figure distances is occupied by an overlapping figure. This allows the viewer to travel their eyes through the painting in a similarly overlapping manner . From the pictures, it is determined that the renaissance picture as presented by Giovanni’ s in the ‘Lamentation with Saints (1490)’ presents an aspect of flat planes. Some parallelism is also presented as indicated by the background walls hanging over the group of people. The presentation in the baroque picture by Reuben indicates diagonal movements of the axes that directly create an attraction to the picture movement as opposed to the plane’s flatness. A comparison of the two pictures indicates much plane in renaissance than the recession in baroque. This refers to a comparison between an entity that is self-contained.

Malware and how it affects the system and the Victim also how it get Essay

Malware and how it affects the system and the Victim also how it get into a Victim machine - Essay Example software as rogue security software, spyware, worms, adware, dialers, Trojan, computer virus and key loggers among others which normally appear in the form of active contents, codes as well as scripts (Klaus, 2013). However, it is worth noting that malwares are different from defective software in the regard that defective software may be legitimate software which would have had defective bugs before release and which were not corrected. Malwares get access into a personal computer system through a variety of ways, which include through an exchange of contaminated files, accessing contaminated online materials or even through legitimate download of corrupted software from the online stores. Attackers or the developers of these malware are known to attach the malware onto legitimate software online and as such, unsuspecting victims purchase the software only to have the harmful software get into their computer system. However, such malware as spyware spread through individual installation by visiting security holes or even though installation of corrupted programs from harmful websites. Ill intentions by hackers or malware developers lead to the design and programming of the harmful software in order to access sensitive information from organizations or even private system. These software programs are used to steal sensitive financial, personal or even business information, which is targeted by the hackers. Besides the use of malware to gather or ‘steal’ important information from corporate systems, the malicious software is used to disrupt the operations of computer systems and as a result bring about much suffering to organizations or corporate. The software has been used in many instances to target government operations, bank systems as well as corporate and private security systems for profit gains by the hackers (Reavis, 2012). The working of the different malicious software differs from one type to another. Worms and virus are known to target executable